| 1. INDUSTRIAL
POLICY |
Biotechnology has
been defined in many forms but in essence implies the
use of microbial, animal or plant cells or enzymes to
synthesize, breakdown or transform material for production
of goods and services to mankind. It is a multidisciplinary
field of activities, which heavily relies on integration
of Biology, Biochemistry, Microbiology, Molecular Biology,
Chemical Engineering, and Process Engineering, together
with other disciplines, in a way that optimizes the exploitation
of their potential. Biotechnology is not itself a product
or range of products like Microelectronics, rather it
is regarded as a range of enabling technologies which
find significant applications in several sectors of applications.
By virtue of it’s being multidisciplinary in nature, scope and
opportunities of Biotechnology are wide and varied in the areas of agriculture,
industry, food and beverages, medical and health, and environment and
energy. Sector-wise scope and opportunities of biotechnology are provided
in Appendix 1.
The State of Uttar Pradesh is rich in biodiversity wealth rarely seen
elsewhere. The large and diverse agriculture and plant resource base,
the main raw material for biotechnology based industries, represent great
market opportunity for biotechnology products and processes. The State
also has multidisciplinary blend-up of excellent facilities and expertise.
In the area of biotechnology, a number of premier institutions are already
established in the State. The biotechnology policy, therefore, envisages
utilization of all these resources for an over all development of the
State. The list of premier institution of Uttar Pradesh is provided in
Appendix 2. Some issues and concern of the state are provided at Appendix
2A.
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| 2.
Mission and objectives |
a.
Mission
Provide impetus to economic and social upliftment of the State through
promotion of biotechnology development and its simultaneous applications
in the area of agriculture, industry, food and nutrition, health, environment
and energy leading to meet challenges with respect to food security,
poverty alleviation and employment generation specially in rural areas,
and creation of eco-friendly environment.
b. Objectives
-
To
establish pre-eminent position of the State in
the area of biotechnology.
-
To
create awareness about the new entrepreneurial
and job opportunities in the area of Biotechnology.
-
To
evolve single window facility as to meet regulatory
requirements for setting up an industrial unit.
-
To
outline a set of incentives and concessions for
the Biotechnology industry to attract investment
in the State.
-
To
review and adopt environmentally safe regulatory
mechanism for agriculture, health and eco system
as a whole.
-
To
develop and conserve bio-resource for sustainable
commercial use.
-
To
harness existing R & D capabilities in the
State, simultaneously promoting application oriented
knowledge base from corporate funding as to meet
future challenges.
-
To
develop adequate institutional and related infrastructure
for technology development, acquisition, adoption
and dissemination throughout the State.
-
To
encourage application of informatics in frontier
areas of biotechnological research such as genomics,
proteomics, etc.
-
To
establish Biotechnology Development Board in
the State as to meet the aforesaid objectives.
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| 3.
Strategy to meet the objectives |
3.1
Biotechnology in development process
Biotechnology shall be integrated in development process in order to
achieve sectoral approach of development as it addresses basic issues
like food security, nutrition, health, energy, environment, rural development,
etc. As a matter of policy a token grant of concerned user departments
shall be earmarked for promoting research and development based technology
transfer and related infrastructure while strengthening need based R&D.
3.2 Development of infrastructure
-
Establishment
of high powered Biotechnology Development Board
under the chairmanship of Chief Secretary of
the State with Secretary, Science and Technology
(or Secretary, Department of Biotechnology) as
its Member Secretary.
-
Establishment
of Biotechnology Development Cell/Agency (and/or
Department of Biotechnology) as secretariat of
the board in order to have effective linkages
with Department of Biotechnology, Govt. of India.
The existing Biotechnology and Bioconversion
Division of the Council may temporarily act as
secretariat of the Board till permanent arrangement
for the same is made. There also exists Biotechnology
Development plan budget sub-head in the Council.
The assets and liabilities of the division may
ultimately be merged with the Biotechnology Development
Cell/Agency(and/or Department of Biotechnology
upgraded and strengthened as State Biotechnology
Development Cell/Agency.
-
To
establish resource specific biotech parks/field
stations in the State as part of technology/product/process
specific networks of R&D institutions, farmers/users,
NGOs/VOs, etc. for effective transfer of technology
at grass root level in rural areas.
-
To
establish biotechnology city at Lucknow and Noida
in order to provide opportunities for scientists,
engineers, consultants, etc. looking for development
of biotechnology based industries in the State.
The city shall be cluster of activities promoting
biotechnology development and its simultaneous
applications in the State in institutional manner.
Policy issues linked with safety regulations,
development of standards and parameters for concessions
and incentives to biotech industries, corporate
trading and funding, technology, product and
process specific market surveys and studies for
forecasting future opportunities, development
of expensive common facilities in the area of
bioinformatics, proteomics and genomics, development
and conservation of bio-resources technology
development, acquisition, adoption and dissemination,
promotion of R&D through corporate funding,
facilities for developing, marketing and acquiring
the technology, linkages with R&D institutions,
users and user Departments, entrepreneurs and
VOs/ NGOs, etc. shall be dealt through the premises
of the Biotechnology City. Infact, it shall be
the work place for execution of the overall aim
of Biotechnology Development Board. List of initially
identified technologies for their development
and commercialisation are provided in Appendix
3.
-
To
establish Biotechnology Applications Centre as
to provide R&D backup to development departments
and users for effective transfer of new processes/
techniques time to time in the State, particularly
in unorganised sector. Plant tissue culture,
biofertilizers and bio-pesticides and embryo
transfer technology are ready for immediate applications
and therefore the aforesaid Centre shall focus
these area in the beginning.
3.3 Thrust areas of activities
Following are some of the initially identified sector-wise thrust areas
of activities and shall be considered in priority
• Agriculture and food security
- To
increase productivity of agricultural crops by
developing high yielding varieties
- To
diversify agriculture from traditional cereal
crops to horticultural and medicinal crops requiring
less area of cultivation.
- To
develop disease resistant and pest repellent
crop varieties of oil seeds and pulses.
- To
train officials and staff of the concerned development
departments and users, engaged in extension or
extension oriented activities, as to make them
capable to take up new challenges which should
emerged out with the application of modern methods
of biotechnology.
• Sugar cane
- To
develop early maturing sugar cane varieties of
improved qualities with special
reference to sugar recovery.
- To
develop infrastructure for mass multiplication
of improved sugar cane varieties in
organized manner.
- To
train the manpower engaged in extension or extension
oriented activities as to carry new packages
to grass root level developed by modern methods
of biotechnology and also strengthen infrastructure
prevailing with them
• Animal
husbandry
- To
improve mile producing animals using embryo transfer
technology.
- To
develop quality of milk based dairy products.
- To
develop microbial process for whey utilization
for producing value added products.
- To
train the manpower engaged in extension or extension
oriented activities as to carry new packages
to grass root level developed by modern methods
of biotechnology, and also strengthen infrastructure
prevailing with them.
• Chemical
fertilizers and pesticides
- Chemical
fertilizer are harmful to naturally occurring
biological flora and therefore
promotion of bio fertilizers applications.
- Development
of integrated nutrient management packages using
bio fertilizers together with green manures and
chemical fertilizers.
- To
develop industrially attractive technology for
production of bio fertilizers like Aztobacters,
Rhizobium, microbial phosphate solubilizers,
nutrient accelerators, blue
green algae, Azospirillum, etc. as to make their availability in
uniform quality to
formers/users.
- To
promote use of biopesticides as chemical pesticides
are non specific and therefore cause adverse
effect on untargeted flora and fauna.
- To
develop technology for production of biological
pesticides using molasses and
agricultural residues.
- To
develop application practices of biological pesticides
along with other agronomical practices, and mechanical
and physical methods in pest control.
- To
develop awareness among the farmers about the
harms of the use of pesticides and fertilizers,
and their utility to use them along with biofertilizers
and biopesticides.
• Alcohol
as transport fuel
- Development
of yeast strains more tolerant to alcohol and
molasses concentrations.
- To
develop technology for continuous culture for
production of alcohol under negative pressure.
- Any
other means which may contribute favoruable energy
balance for production of
alcohol making possible to use it as transport fuel.
• Energy
and environment
- Promotion
of low energy requiring solid state fermentation
for production of enzymes like amylases, proteases,
pectinases, etc.
- Promotion
of mushroom production by solid state fermentation
using lingnocellulosic
residues of agricultural crops.
- To
recycle refuse of mushroom unit by vermicomposting,
which may further be utilized for mulberry cultivation
and promotion of sericulture.
- To
promote phytoremediation with special reference
to thermal power plants.
- To
assess effect of global warming on vegetation
as a result of ozone layer depletion.
• Industry
and medical & health
- To
develop bioprocess engineering aspects in order
to take up challenges which should emerge out
by using modern methods of biotechnology for
developing biological agents.
- To
promote development of bioinstrumentation.
- To
develop monoclonal antibodies based diagnostic
kits specially for chronic and racial diseases.
- To
promote bioutilization/biorecycling/bioconversion
of available agricultural residues
and waste of related industries.
- To
promote production of medicinally important natural
products by using methods of fermentation specially
linked with biological agents developed by using
genetic
engineering.
- To
develop technology for enhanced production of
proteases used in genetic engineering for their
use in food, detergents and leather industries.
• Rural
development
Infrastructure
prevailing with development departments like agriculture,
horticulture, animal husbandry, sericulture, rural
development, cooperative etc. needs strengthening
in order to take newer challenges, in relation to
biotechnology for facilitating sustained availability
of biotechnologically improved bioresource at desired
price, for which natural resource bioparks may require
to be established as a part of developing technology/
process/ product specific information networks.
It may also require human resource development engaged with these departments
and
therefore regular training to new practices are necessary to organize.
3.4
Incentives to promote biotech industry
Following are some of the initially identified areas/factors for providing
special
concessions and incentives to promote biotech industry in the State.
- Selected
operations in the areas of agriculture and allied
sector, in which improved
quality of seeds, seedlings or any other form of genetic material(s)
developed by using techniques of genetic engineering and require
organized seed farming with commercial potential, maintenance/adoption
for sometime under semi controlled conditions before supply and use,
or their fast multiplication/micro-propagation using tissue culture
techniques can be considered to be given status of industry with
special reference to consider incentives and concessions applied
to biotechnological industry.T
- The
biotechnological processes posses three component
central core, in which one part is concerned
with the development of good quality biological
agents; the second part creates the best suitable
environment for its growth; and the third part
is concerned with recovery of the product. It
is always not necessary that one part only dominates
the cost of a product or process. The operations
controlling cost of a process may be considered
for special concessions.
- Energy
conservation in alcohol industry by using improved
bioprocess or biological agent may be given due
attention with special reference to use alcohol
as transport fuel can be considered for incentives
and concessions. Similarly, low energy requiring
solid state fermentation for waste treatment,
mushroom cultivation, commercial enzyme(s) production,
SCP production, vermiculture and biocomposting
can also be given due attention. Biological waste
treatment of industrial or municipal waste coupled
with methane generation is another important
concern considered for special attention. It
is believed that biological waste treatment will
emerge out as the largest biotechnological industry
in the State.
- Biotechnological
research requires expensive biochemicals and
biological agents not only in the development
of genetically engineered microbial, animal or
plant cells, but also require high grade carriers
specially designed for separation of biomolecules
in down stream processing, specially in the area
of medically important enzyme for human use.
Efforts shall be made to develop such industry
in the State, which are expected to have very
high export potential with simultaneously developing
biotechnological research and industry in the
State. Such industries can also be considered
for providing incentives.
- Efforts
shall also be made to develop consultants, machine
manufactures and practicing engineers with special
reference to develop bio-reactors suitable to
genetically engineered cells and also down stream
processing operations specially needed for high
purity biomolecules, by giving some kind of incentives.
- There
are other governing factors which may be considered
for providing special
incentives and concessions for promoting biotechnology industry.
These may include:
Quality of the product, Investment and funds involved, Employment
and entrepreneurial opportunities in rural areas, Comparative advantages
over existing alternatives, Safety and environment, Energy conservation,
Export-import balance, Domestic need and need for location specific
raw material development for secondary processing.
- Biotechnology
in rural development has very important role
to play. There are many
processes pertaining to productions of mushroom, biofertilizers,
single cell protein,
biopesticides and floriculture, just to name few of them which can
easily be adopted as village industries. For this purpose product
are process specific technology information networks comprising all
concerns from research and development institutions, development
departments, NGOs/VOs, etc. shall be promoted in the State. The networks
shall be helpful in providing modern methods of management with respect
to raw material, product, funds, S&T, market etc., which individuals
in unorganised sector can not expect. If required, technical backup
unit shall also be established.
- Promotion
of R&D through corporate funding for developing
novel biological agents
using methods of genetic engineering, design and development of suitable
bioreactor and related instrumentation for their mass multiplication,
and separation of high value medically important biological product
requiring high purity shall also be considered for special incentives
and concessions.
Suitable guidelines and standards for the aforesaid governing factors
for providing incentives and concessions shall be developed and announced
time to time as a matter of policy. However, some of the concessions
initially identified by the Department of Industry are listed in
Appendix 4.
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| 4. Execution of Biotechnology Policy
(in brief) |
The Biotechnology
Development Board constituted under the Chairmanship
of Chief Secretary of the State shall be responsible
for overall execution of Uttar Pradesh Biotechnology
Development Policy. The Board shall meet once in a year
and review effective implementation of the Biotechnology
Policy. If required the Board may direct to adopt desired
policy majors. The concessions and incentives provided
by the other departments in the area of biotechnology
can also be reviewed by the Board but with the recommendation
of the concerned department.
The State Biotechnology Development Cell/Agency (and/or Department of
Science and Technology and Department of Biotechnology) shall act as
Secretariat of the Board. The Biotechnology Development Cell/Agency shall
have Executive Director. The Biotechnology Development Cell/Agency shall
have Executive Committee under the Chairmanship of Secretary, Department
of Science and Technology (and/or Department of Biotechnology). The Executive
Director of the Biotechnology Development Cell/Agency act as Member Convener.
The Biotechnology Development Cell/Agency shall have four components
viz. (i) Planning, Coordination and Programme Development Division, (ii)
Research and Development Division, (iii) Bio safety and Regulatory Control,
and Industrial Project Evaluation and Implementation Division, (iv) General
Administration and Finance Division. Each of these Division shall be
headed by a Director. Existing Biotechnology and Bioconversion Division
of the Council may temporarily act as secretariat of the Board till a
permanent arrangement is made. The assets and liabilities of the division
created under the Biotechnology Development plan budget sub-head may
ultimately be merged with the board once the permanent arrangement is
made.
There shall also be Advisory Committee of the Biotechnology Development
Cell/Agency under the Chairmanship of a scientists/technologist of eminence
in the area of Biotechnology as to advise in matters related to evaluation
and monitoring of R&D projects, identification of priority areas
of working, guidelines for processing different schemes/programmes and
also advising on matters related to regulatory controls and standards.
Director of the Planning, Coordination and Programme Development Division
shall be the Member Convener of the Advisory Committee. Executive Director
of the Council shall be the Vice Chairman of the Advisory Committee.
In order to execute the biotechnology policy, it is estimated to incur
expenditure of about 4500 lakhs during 10th Five Year Plan, of which
450 lakhs during the year 2002-2003. Details are provided in Appendix
5. It may be added here that the State Government has already allocated
a total sum of Rs. 450 lakh towards biotechnology development and application
for the year 2002-2003.
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| 5. Some important actions to be
take immediately |
- Constitution of Biotechnology Development Board.
- Establishment of Biotechnology Development Cell/Agency.
- Creation of Department of Biotechnology.
- Establishment of Biotechnology City at Lucknow.
- Establishment of Biotechnology Applications Centre
and its field units.
- Constitution of Executive Committee and Scientific
Advisory Committee for Biotechnology Development Cell/Agency.
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Scope and opportunities
of biotechnology
| S. No. |
Sector of application |
Scope and opportunities |
| 1. |
Agriculture and allied sector
|
Development of disease resistant & pest repellent
high yielding plant & crop varieties, high
breed animals of improved genetic character, fast
multiplication of improved genetic material of
uniform quality, production of biofertilizers and
biopesticides
|
| 2. |
Industry sector |
Production of organic acids, organic solvents,
fine chemicals, enzymes, antibiotics, amino acids,
vitamins, etc.
|
| 3. |
Food and Beverages |
Production of fermented foods and drinks, single
cell protein, sweeteners, flavors and flavor enhancers,
dairy products, food enzymes, mushroom, etc.
|
| 4. |
Medical and health |
Production of vaccines, immobilized enzyme based
biosensors, monoclonal antibodies based diagnostic
kits, growth hormones, etc.
|
| 5. |
Environment and energy
|
Treatment of industrial and municipal waste water,
methane from agrobased or organic content rich
industrial wastes, biological hydrogen, alcohol
as fuel, development of suitable plant as environment
protector, etc.
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| Appendix
2 |
List of educational
and research universities/institutions in the State
engaged in area of
biotechnology
*
Central/State Universities and Institutions
1. BHU, Varanasi
2. AMU, Aligarh HBTI, Kanpur
3. IIT, Kanpur
4. Roorkee University, Roorkee
5. G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar
6. N.D. University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad
7. CSA University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur
8. SGPGI, Lucknow
* CSIR Institutions
1. NBRI, Lucknow
2. CIMAP, Lucknow
3. CDRI, Lucknow
4. ITRC, Lucknow
* ICAR Institutions
1. Indian Sugarcane Research Institute, Lucknow
2. Central Institute for Subtropical Research, Lucknow
3. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow
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| Appendix
3 |
List of initially identified technologies for development an d their
commercialization
-
Kits
for diagnosis of malaria and tuberculosis, and
vaccines for cholera and leprosy of CDRI, Lucknow.
-
ELISA
based methods for detection of the pesticides
and PCR based methods for detection of pathogens
in water and food materials of ITRC, Lucknow.
-
Dehydration
technology for flowers and foliage, protocol
for mass multiplication of Musa paradise (banana)
and Cavendish (Basrai) and micropropogation of
lime and sweet oranges using plant tissue culture,
and rapid cloning techniques of male and female
papaya fruits of NBRI, Lucknow.
-
Mass
promotion of improved crop varieties of mentha
(Kosi and Himalaya) and Jeven raksha (Artemisa
annua) and promoting commercialization of the
process technologies like Taxol, Arteether, Citral,
rose oil, Vetiver oil, Pyrenthrum, and natural
products using hairy root culture developed by
CIMAP, Lucknow.
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Technology
for micropropogation of mango, guava, litchi
and papaya developed by CISH, Lucknow.
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Technology
for cryopreservation of fish sperm atozoa and
genetic markers for Indian major carps developed
by NBFGR, Lucknow.
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Rapid
DNA based methods for the antenatal diagnosis
of muscular dystrophy developed by SGPGI, Lucknow.
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BGA
biofertilizer technology developed by CSTUP,
Lucknow.
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Ventriculo-peritoneal
shunts for the treatment of hydrocephalus, and
beds for paraplegics and shoes to prevent pressure
sores in leptrotic foot using transducer devices
developed by KGMC, Lucknow.
-
Antiviral
agents from a few non host plants and transgenic
plants like tomato and tobacco respectively developed
by Biochemistry Department, Lucknow University,
Lucknow.
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| Appendix
4 |
Proposed
Government Incentives to Biotech Industry
1. Taxation on biotechnology products
In order to provide the competitive edge as well as to help in establishing
new ventures and new biotechnology units will not be taxed for the first
five years. The Government of Uttar Pradesh will however honour the decision
of the empowered Committee of State Finance Ministry on Tax requirement
constituted by Ministry of Finance, Government of India.
2. Fiscal incentives
All inputs as well as capital goods, including captive generation sets,
during the implementation stage will be exempted from the payment of
entry tax, which can be up to 7 years or during the construction period
whichever is earlier.
3. Captive generation
Captive generation sets to be installed by biotech-industry will be eligible
for exemption of electricity tax for a period of seven years.
4. Pollution control
Biotechnology units must fulfill the required norms regarding pollution
control depending on its specific nature. The State Pollution Control
Board will act as a facilitator in guiding these units to conform to
the relevant rules and regulations. It will also act as a single window
agency to co-ordinate the approval process.
5. Uninterrupted power
The State Government is aware of necessity of uninterrupted and quality
power supply as one of the prime requirements for sustainable growth
of biotech-industry. These industries will be given top priority in sanction
and servicing of power. Biotechnology companies will be treated as industrial
and not as commercial consumer and accordingly electricity tariff will
be levied on such companies.
6. Relaxation in zonal regulations
For registered Biotechnology units within declared Biotechnology Park/Industries
area, relaxation of FAR to the extent of 50% of the prevailing norms
shall be given. In other areas (excluding core, green, heritage areas)
relaxation up to 25% could be considered depending on the merit of the
case after considering population density, infrastructure availability,
environment aspect etc.
7. Biotechnology city - Lucknow
In order to provide all infrastructural and common facilities, the State
Government (in the initial phase) has decided to set up Biotechnology
Park / City at Lucknow. These technology park will be state of art park
and will be developed in scientifically designed manner. These parks
will extend world class service to its clientele and will be one stop
ship in term of infrastructure, skilled manpower and quality services
at competitive cost. Basic facilities of the City premises to be created
in beginning are under:-
- Auction/Procurement
Centre for Biotechnology based products.
- Facility
for on line trading.
- Cold
storage facility for perishable products.
- Facilities
for Bioinformatics, Genomics and Proteomics.
- Facilities
for converting research into working system.
- Facilities
for Technology Information, assessment & forecasting.
- Consultancy
for bio-technology based industries
- Exhibition
Hall.
- Technology
Applications Centre.
The following consessions will be offered to the biotechnology park:
-
Exemption
on payment of entry tax on machinery/equipment/capital
goods and construction materials, for a period
of 7 years or till the date of completion of
the project, whichever is earlier on the condition
that each invoice should not be less than Rs.25
lakhs or Rs. 10.00 lakhs in case of construction
materials.
-
Up
to 50% exemption from the payment of stamp duty
and registration charges.
-
In
case of first lease as well as subsequent lease
to biotechnology companies, concessions will
be available for biotechnology parks certified
by the Department of Science & Technology.
8. Mega projects
The mega project will be one which will have investment of more than
Rs.50 crores in a new company or in the expansion of an existing company
or which will provide employment to 250 in Lucknow or to 100 in any other
city of Uttar Pradesh. The mega project will be offered a special package
of concessions including concessions already mentioned above. They will
be offered 50% concession on stamp duty and registration charges for
first sale and first lease.
9. Simplified labour laws
The labour laws will be simplified so as to enable employment of women
during the evening hours.
10. Concession for creating employment
Expansion, diversification and modernization of existing small scale
industries would get a concession on registration charges. These companies
will have to pay nominal stamp duties on lease/cum-sale duties executed
with State Government agencies. Even when absolute sale deeds are executed,
the stamp duty depends on consideration amount agreed upon at the time
of leasing. This concession will also be applicable for companies in
Biotechnology sector.
11. Prov ision of cluster development
fund/venture capital
The Government of Uttar Pradesh will encourage setting up of cluster
development fund and venture capital fund for biotech industries with
private companies with their own manufacturing, marketing and distribution
networks so that greater number of projects may be funded at the subsequent
stage in the innovation cycle.
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| Appendix
5 |
Estimated
expenditure during 10th Five Year Plan and the Annual
Expenditure for the year 2002-2003
While promoting biotechnology development and its simultaneous application
in the State with special reference to promote poverty alleviation,
employment generation, rural development, favourable export-import
balance, foreign investment and capabilities
development to accept challenges in frontier areas of biotechnology,
the Xth Five Year Plan outlay of Rs. 4500 Lakh is proposed, out of which
Rs. 450 Lakh for the Annual Plan 2002- 03. Activity-wise description
is provided as under:
1. R&D activities
Under the sub head relevant R&D projects from Technical Institutions/
Organizationd/ Laboratories/ Universities/ Agricultural Universities/
Medical Colleges existing in the State shall be given financial support.
Infrastructure development as to promote research shall also be supported
on project basis. Financial support to organize seminars/symposiums/workshops
in selected areas shall also be supported under the sub
head. Restricted partial foreign travels may also be supported with special
reference to develop manpower in selected areas. A total sum of Rs. 350.00
Lakh is proposed as outlay for the Xth Five Year Plan. Out of which Rs.
50.00 Lakh is towards Annual Plan 2002-03.
2. Centres of excellence
Under the sub head five centres of excellence in frontiers of biotechnology,
one each at SVBPUA&T, Meerut in the area of Agriculture; SGPGI, Lucknow
in the area of Medical and Health; HBTI, Kanpur in the area Industry;
DDUU of Veternary Sciences, Mathura in the area of Animal Husbandry,
and RML University of Faizabad in the area of Environment are proposed
to be established during Vth Five Year Plan. Under the sub head Xth Plan
outlay of Rs. 250.00 Lakh is proposed; out of which Rs. 50.00 Lakh is
for the Annual Plan of 2002-03.
3. Technology transfer activities
Under the sub head extension oriented technology transfer programmes/
projects from R&D institutions/universities/NGOs/VOs having little
R&D shall be given financial support. Ministerial support as to promote
self sustainable establishment of technology/ process/ product specific
information networks shall also be extended. Financial support shall
also be extended to establish demonstration and training facilities with
special reference to rural development shall also be extended to a limited
extent. Under the sub head Xth Plan out lay of Rs. 300.00 Lakh is proposed,
of which Rs. 50.00 Lakh is for the Annual Plan outlay 2002-03.
4. Biotechnology Applications Centre
In order to promote R&D based technology transfer in the area of
biofertilizers, plant tissue culture, embryo transfer technology and
medicinal & aromatic plants proposed to be taken in the beginning
the Biotechnology Applications Centre is proposed to be established at
Lucknow. The Centre shall cater the need for providing technical backup,
organizing demonstration and training for developing manpower, desired
natural resource etc. to the technology users. It shall be part of mechanism
to promote technology information networks having good linkages with
development departments/users. A total sum of Rs. 600.00 Lakh is proposed
as Xth Plan outlay, of which Rs. 100.00 Lakh is for Annual Plan 2002-03.
5. Biotechnology city
In order to promote biotechnology based industries in the state, biotechnology
city, one each at Lucknow and Noida, are proposed to be established jointly
with UPSIDC with partial financial support from Govt. of India. It is
expected that the proposed biotechnology cities shall provide opportunity
for scientists, engineers, consultants and entrepreneurs looking for
the development of biotechnology industries in the State. A total sum
of Rs. 3000.00 Lakh is proposed as Xth Plan outlay, of which Rs. 200.00
Lakh is for Annual Plan 2002-03.
Thus, the Xth Five Year Plan outlay of Rs. 4500.00 Lakh is proposed;
of which Rs. 450.00 Lakh is towards the Annual Plan 2002-03. Item wise
details are provided in Table I.
Table
I: Proposed Xth Five Year Plan Outlay and Annual
Plan 2002-03
S.
No.
|
Item
|
Proposed
outlay for Xth Five Year Plan 2002-07
|
Proposed
outlay for Annual Plan 2002-03
|
1.
|
R&D
activities |
350.00
|
50.00
|
2.
|
Centers
of excellence |
250.00
|
50.00
|
3.
|
Technology
transfer activities
|
300.00
|
50.00
|
4.
|
Biotechnology
Applications Centre
|
600.00
|
100.00
|
5.
|
Biotechnology
city |
3000.00
|
200.00
|
|
|
Total |
4500.00
|
450.00
|
|
|
|
| Appendix
2A |
Issues & concerns
of the State in relation to biotechnology
Agricultural concerns
- State
of Uttar Pradesh is the most populous State.
It accounts for 16% population of India. In terms
of area, it encompasses about 9% total area of
the country. Thus, the development of the State
will have determining impact in over all development
of the country.
- Agriculture
shares 40% economy of the State. About 75% of
the total working force is engaged in agriculture
and allied sector. Being it the most populous,
average size land holding in the State is 0.9
ha, comprising 90% farmers with 55% of the total
land holding are in small and marginal categories.
- Carefully
selected region specific organized farming of
the horticultural crops, and
medicinal and aromatic plants of improved varieties for productivity
and value addition, often requiring less cultivation area, is inevitable
for the State.
This will also ensure development of related process industries in
rural areas, further
improving socio -economic regional imbalance in the State.
Food security concerns
- Food
security is another serious concern of the State.
It is targeted to increase food production in
the State, from its present level 41.8 million
ton in the year 1997-98 to 70.20 million ton
by the year 2007.
- The
average productivity of most of the cereal crops
like rice, wheat, pulses and oil
seeds, is far less as compared to the leading states.
- For
examples, productivity of rice in 21 Q/ha as
compared to Punjab (34 Q/ha),
Tamilnadu (33 Q/ha), Haryana (28 Q/ha) and Andhra Pradesh (26 Q/ha).
- Productivity
of wheat in the State is 26.59 Q/ha as compared
to Punjab (41 W/ha) and Haryana (37 Q/ha).
- Productivity
of pulses in the State is 8.6 Q/ha as compared
to Haryana (11 Q/ha) and Punjab (9 Q/ha).
- Productivity
of oil seeds in the State is 8.4 Q/ha as compared
to Tamilnadu (14 Q/ha), Haryana (14 Q/ha), Punjab
(13 Q/ha) and Gujrat (12 Q/ha).
Thus,
increased productivity of these major cereal crops
is inevitable to meet the future target of the food
grain. Biotechnology offers unique opportunity to
develop high yielding varieties of these crops, particularly
decease resistant crop varieties of oil seeds and
pulses.
Sugarcane
and related concerns
- State
of U.P. covers 50% (2.1 million ha of the total
cropped area of the country under sugar cane
covering about 40% of the total production. But
its share in matter of immediate concern.
- The
main reason of lower sugar recovery is attributed
to poor crop varieties. Use of
early maturing varieties of sugarcane are of immediate concern to
the State.
- Biotechnology
can play important role in development of improved
sugarcane crop varieties and also in their mass
multiplication. However, it will require strong
technical backup at state and regional level.
Improved sugar recovery can double the efficiency
of sugar industry in the State.
- The
another related issue is the poor yield of sugarcane
itself. The average productivity of sugar can
in the State is 600 Q/ha as compared to 1139,962
and 855 Q/ha in Thailand, Karnataka and Maharastra
respectively.
Live stock and related concerns
- The
State of U.P. has the largest livestock population
in the country and is also the
largest milk producing State, but majority of milk producing animals
in the State are not very productive because of inadequate nutrition
and limited genetic potential.
- This
sector provides employment of 25% of the labour
force, mainly to women, and
therefore requires due attention. Embryo Transfer Technology can
improve the limited genetic character of desired quality without
any influence of host in a fast manner.
- Any
improvement in this sector can change over all
economic scenario of women in the State it may
be added that there are 152 milk processing plants
and dairies in the State having total processing
capacity of 3.196 million litres every day.
Biotechnology has to play importan t role in improvement of livestock
and also development of milk based other dairy products. Cheese,
a dairy product, has world of market of about 14000 million pound.
Concerns
related to chemical pesticides
- There
is no exact assessment, but it is generally believed
that about 35% loss in food production occurs
every year due to weeds, disease, insects and
pasts, it is therefore, the application of pesticides
for more productivity is bound to increase in
order to met food requirement of growing population
pressure.
- Synthetic
pesticides consists of chemicals like chlorinated
hydrocarbons, organophosphates, carbamates, etc
are hazardous not only to users, but their repeated
use causes destructive effects to beneficial
naturally occurring biological processes like
pollination, nitrification, degradation of organic
materials is a matter of serious concern. Chemicals
pesticides are non-specific and therefore causes
adverse affects on untargeted flora and fauna.
- Alternatively
use of biopesticides are specific in nature and
cause no side effects to
other naturally occurring biological processes and phenomena.
- It
is therefore development of biological pesticides
and their production using molasses and their
use along with other means like agronomical practices,
and mechanical and physical methods in pest control
with simultaneous awareness and training to farmers
deserves due attention.
Concern related to chemical fertilizers
- Chemical
fertilizers are harmful to naturally occurring
biological processes. Due to increased use in
heavy doses of chemical fertilizers as to achieve
food grain target by using fullest potential
of high yielding varieties of agricultural crops
soil fertility has already reached to a threshold
level making sustainable agriculture a serious
concern to scientists, policy makers and also
to farmers.
- Biofertilizers
like blue green algae and azolla to paddy, azotobactor
and azospirillum for wheat, rhizobium for pulses
are well known. But their use is highly restricted
due to limited availability, adequate awareness
and training.
- The
existing production methods applied in India
are also questionable, in particular reference
to their quality, development of adequate processes
for their large scale production calls for immediate
attention.
- The
existing production methods applied in India
are also questionable in particular reference
to their quality. Development of adequate processes
for their large scale production calls for immediate
attention.
- Green
manures, organic composts and biofertilizer altogether
can solve the vital question of sustainable agriculture
with little efforts. Blue green algae which can
minimize gypsum requirement in Usar soil reclamation
by 50 to 60% is the main concern of the State
in land management: State of U.P. Is targeting
to cover about 2 to 3 million ha waste and fallow
land.
Nitrogen
fixing organisms are considered to fix about 175
million tone of nitrogen each year, equivalent to
about 80% of the world total supply the remaining
20% is derived from synthetic chemical fertilizers.
Concerns
related to alcohol as transport fuel
- Gasohol
is no more e dream now. Alcohol mixed with petrol
is already in use in Brazil, Thailand and USA.
Lower titer value of alcohol in fermented broth
makes distillation energy balance unfaourable
as for al its use as fuel in concerned.
- Titer
value in most of the existing alcohol industries
in the State and in the Country is about 6 to
8%
- The
lower titer value cast more distillation energy
per molecule of alcohol production than it can
deliver, is the moat Important limiting factor
for using alcohol as fuel. Development of yeast
strains more tolerant to alcohol and molasses
concentration and their use in continuous culture
under negative pressure can make the energy balance
favourable to use alcohol as fuel, and therefore
demands immediate attention.
There
are yeast strains known to with stand as high as
20%. alcohol concentration. "Sake ” beer
in Japan is one of the example s, which contains
20%. alcohol
Concern
related to low energy requiring solid stat e
fermentation
- Low
energy requirement of solid state fermentation
Is of obvious interest for production of enzymes
like amylases, proteases. pectinases. etc.
- Production
of mushroom by solid state fermentation using
lingnocellulosic residues of agricultural cereal
produce is a total biotechnology industry requires
due attention.
- Refuse
of mushroom unit can further be recycled by vermicomposting;
Vermicompost is very useful for mulberry cultivation
and in promotion of sericulture
Why
should a biotechnology policy?
- Mentioned
before are only some issues and concerns, and
many more Should follow,
which can be addressed through biotechnology However, it will require
region specific sectoral planning and its effective execution, as
may be in any other case.
- But
unlike to any other technology and related industrial
sector often dealing with consumer goods, biotechnology
deals with basic issues may it be food security
for growing population, nutrition, health, environment,
energy, poverty alleviation and employment generation,
or rural development, and therefore demands special
concession. II is this very reason which necessitates
need for Biotechnology Policy in the State.
- Biotechnology
has another unique feature that it lakes care
of process and product as well as raw material
for it. The most of raw materials are derived
from biological sources which utilize solar energy
using photosynthesis. These raw materials ere
ultimately converted into product(s). Thus, Biotechnology
provides the best way to
transform energy into materials and again into energy keeping ecological
balance favourable to all and every life forms.
What
could be the possible objectives of the biotechnology
policy?
- To
acquire self sufficiency in the area of Biotechnology
as to establish pre eminent position of the State
in this area.
- To
create awareness about the new entrepreneurial
Opportunities in the area of Biotechnology.
- To
evolve single window facility as 10 meet regulatory
requirements for setting up an industrial unit.
- To
harness existing R & D capabilities in the
Stele, simultaneously promoting application oriented
knowledge based from corporate funding as to
meet future challenges.
- To
outline a set of Incentives and concessions for
the Biotechnology Industry to attract investment
in the State.
- To
review and adopt environmentally safe regulatory
mechanism for agriculture, health and eco-system
as a whole.
- To
develop adequate institutional and related Infrastructure
for technology development, acquisition, adoption
and dissemination throughout the State.
- To
encourage application of informatics in frontier
areas of biotechnological research such as genomics,
proteomics, etc., and also in establishing product.
process or technology specific Information Networks
at grass root level.
- To
establish Biotechnology Development Board in
the State as to meet the aforesaid Objectives.
Suggested strategies to meet the challenges.
Development of adequate infrastructure
.
- Establishment
of high powered biotechnology development board
- Establishment
of State Council / Department of Biotechnology
as secretariat of the
board (Planning, coordination and programme development; Research
end development; Biosafety and regulatory control; and Industrial
project evaluation and implementation)
- Institute(s)
of research and applications (cluster of technology/process/product
specific application centres for technology development,
acquisition, adoption and dissemination of knowledge).
- Supporting
agricultural operations as biotech Industry
-
elected
operations in the areas of agriculture and allied
sector, in which improved quality of seecs seedlings
or any other form of genetic material(s) developed
by using ted1niques of genetic engineering and
require organized seed fanning with commercial
potential, maintenance/adoption for sometime
under semi controlled conditions before supply
and use, or their fast multiplication/micro-propagation
using tissue culture techniques shall be given
status of industry with special reference to
consider incentives and concessions applied to
biotechnological industry.
Suggested strategies contd…..
-
Cost
dominating unit operations call for special
incentives
The Biotechnological processes possess three-component central core,
in which one pan is concerned with the development of good quality
biological agent; the second pan creates the best suitable environment
for its growth; and the third pan is concerned with recovery of the
product.
It is not always necessary that any one part only dominates the cost
of a product or process for examples, third part pertaining to down
stream processing for production of high purity products) for human
use open requiring separation using bio membranes and/or high grade
chromatographic carriers/methods may dominate the cost of biological
process or product.
Some time second part pertaining to provide the best suitable environment
for growth, as in case of aerobic fermentation of antibiotics, vitamins,
organic acids, etc often requiring high energy for mixing of air
uniformly aseptically during fermentation where thousands of gallons
liquid is required to be handled dominates the cost of product The
part pertaining to the development of biological agents becomes cost
controlling operation when techniques of genetic engineering often
requiring time and money, and expensive chemicals are required to
apply.
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